kathakali kari vesham in malayalam

[3][30] The Pada part contains the dialogue part. 247 News TV Art 3,555 views 2:04 Kathakali Dance "Kathakali Eye Exercise" - … A Kathakali twist was also given to the Shakespearean tragedy King Lear (2009). [69] Kathakali schools are now found all over India, as well as in parts of Western Europe and the United States. [10][39] Pachcha (green) with lips painted brilliant coral red portrays noble characters and sages such as Krishna, Vishnu, Rama, Yudhishthira, Arjuna, Nala and philosopher-kings. Kathakali Vesham (Vadakkan) PART - I ENGLISH SUBJECTS PART - II MALAYALAM PART - III (Optionals) 1. It literally means black and is donned by cruel characters. The repertoire includes a series of performances. [3][5], There are 24 main mudras, and numerous more minor ones in Kathakali. [45] These three Guṇas are sattva (goodness, constructive, harmonious, virtuous), rajas (passion, aimless action, dynamic, egoistic), and tamas (darkness, destructive, chaotic, viciousness). [42] Demonesses and treacherous characters are also painted black but with streaks or patches of red. These resplendent make-ups, known as vesham, typify the character in Kathakali. It is said to be one of the most difficult styles to execute on stage, with young artists preparing for their roles for several years before they get a chance to do it on stage. Thiranottam is a malayalam word used for the rite performed by evil characters in Kathakali. SUBSIDIARY 3. [54], Music is central to a Kathakali performance. … The Kathi vesham (Kathi means knife) is to represent villainous male characters. [6] In modern compositions, Indian Kathakali troupes have included women artists,[4] as well as adapted Western stories and plays such as those by Shakespeare. There are five veshams (costume and makeup styles) of Kerala’s traditional dance form Kathakali; Kathi vesham (meaning knife), Pacha (green), Thadi (beard), Minukku (radiant) and Kari (black) veshams. [11] The kathakali is attributed to sage Bharata, and its first complete compilation is dated to between 200 BCE and 200 CE,[12][13] but estimates vary between 500 BCE and 500 CE. Characters (Vesham) like Kathi, Kari, Thadi etc. [40], Thaadi (red) is the code for someone with an evil streak such as Dushasana and Hiranyakashipu. [24], Another related performance art is Ashtapadiyattom, a dance drama based on the Gita Govinda of the twelfth-century poet Jayadeva, told the story of Krishna embodied as a humble cowherd, his consort Radha, and three cow girls. Their faces are jet-black with dotted red and white markings on them. [70] A typical course work in Kathakali emphasizes physical conditioning and daily exercises,[71] yoga and body massage to tone the muscles and sculpt the growing body,[72] along with studies and dance practice. [2][3][note 1] Kathakali is a Hindu performance art in the Malayalam-speaking southwestern region of Kerala. [56] Of these, about four dozen are most actively performed. The gender exclusivity is one of the significant differences between Kathakalī and other classical Indian dances which either included or favored female actor-dancers. He has worked as choreographer for several Malayalam films and is a Kathakali teacher who has taught several Indian and foreign students. [11][12][16] Dance and performance arts, states this ancient Hindu text,[17] are a form of expression of spiritual ideas, virtues and the essence of scriptures. kathi character in Kathakali. The accepted conventions regarding the veshams classify it into five basic sets, based on the characteristics of the facial make-up. Kathak uses the stage space more, and does not typically include separate vocalists. All of these three gunas (good, evil, active) are present in everyone and everything, it is the proportion that is different, according to the Hindu worldview. Kathakali follows the Hastha Lakshanadeepika most closely, unlike other classical dances of India. [2][6], The traditional themes of the Kathakalī are folk mythologies, religious legends and spiritual ideas from the Hindu epics and the Puranas. [10][34][35] It typically takes several evening hours to prepare a Kathakali troupe to get ready for a play. [70], Kathakalī is still hugely male-dominated, but since the 1970s, women have made entry into the art form on a recognisable scale. [28] One item, called a Kalivilakku (kali meaning dance; vilakku meaning lamp), can be traced back to Kutiyattam. Kathakali (Malayalam: കഥകളി) is a major form of classical Indian dance. 1, Rosen Publishing, M Innes-Brown and S Chatterjee (1999), The Relevance of the Guna Theory in the Congruence of Eastern Values and Western Management Practice, Journal of Human Values, 5(2), pages 93-102. [63][64], The Kidangoor style is one of the two, that developed in Travancore, and it is strongly influenced by Kutiyattam, while also drawing elements of Ramanattam and Kalladikkotan. [8], The term Kathakalī is derived from Katha (Sanskrit: "कथा") which means "story or a conversation, or a traditional tale", and Kalī (from Kalā, "कला") which means "performance and art". KATHAKALI - The classical dance Form of Kerala. [25] Kathakali also incorporates several elements from other traditional and ritualistic art forms like Mudiyettu, Theyyam and Padayani besides folk arts such as Porattu Nadakam that shares ideas with the Tamil Therukoothu tradition. It sets the mood and triggers emotions resonant with the nature of the scene. [57] The Nala-Damayanti story has roots in the texts of 1st millennium BCE and is found in the Mahabharata, but the Kathakali play version develops the characters, their inner states, the emotions and their circumstances far more than the older texts. [57], A tradition Kathakalī play typically consists of two interconnected parts, the third-person Shlokas and first-person Padams. [51], The expressive part of the performance, which constitutes the dance-drama, is split into four types: Kalasham (major and most common), Iratti (special, used with battles-related Chempata rhythm), Thonkaram (similar to Iratti but different music), and Nalamiratti (used for exits or link between the chapters of the play). Minukka (radiant, shining) with a warm yellow, orange or saffron typifies noble, virtuous feminine characters such as Sita, Panchali and Mohini. Many characters come from the mythological stories of India, thus comprising of the hero and the villain, the saint and the sinner. This Vesham is used to represent gentleness and a high spiritual standing and is characterised with yellow facial paint.… [42] Face masks and headgear is added to accentuate the inner nature of the characters. Characters become the dominant and important part of traditional Kerala dance forms. [51] Thodayam is performed behind a curtain and without all the costumes, while Purappadu is performed without the curtain and in full costumes. [36][37] Costumes have made Kathakali's popularity extend beyond adults, with children absorbed by the colors, makeup, light and sound of the performance. [52] The "tease" method is typically used for characters with hidden, dangerous intentions. hide behind a curtain (Thiraseela) at the time of their introduction and emerge [69], A typical Kathakalī training centre auditions for students, examining health and physical fitness necessary for the aerobic and active stage performance, the body flexibility, sense of rhythm and an interview to gauge how sincere the student is in performance arts. Minukku vesham symbolizes 1. [81][82] Jīngjù, a Chinese art of dance-acting (zuo), like Kathakali presents artists with elaborate masks, costumes and colorfully painted faces. ഇതു വികസിപ്പിക്കുവാൻ സഹായിക്കുക. [42], Yellow is the code for monks, mendicants, and women. ഈ താൾ അവസാനം തിരുത്തപ്പെട്ടത്: 10:02, 22 നവംബർ 2020. These plays are written in a particular format that helps identify the "action" and the "dialogue" parts of the performance. “The two sisters are dressed in kari vesham (black costume). Three major drums found are Maddalam(barrel-shaped),Chenda(cylindrical drum played with curved sticks) and Idakka ( Idakka , hourglass-shaped drum with muted and melodious notes played when female characters perform). [2][3][5] Kathakalī also differs in that the structure and details of its art form developed in the courts and theatres of Hindu principalities, unlike other classical Indian dances which primarily developed in Hindu temples and monastic schools. [24] Kathakali also expanded the performance repertoire, style and standardized the costume making it easier for the audience to understand the various performances and new plays. [28] Traditionally, a Kathakali performance is long, starting at dusk and continuing through dawn, with interludes and breaks for the performers and audience. [7] The vocal performance has traditionally been performed in Sanskritised Malayalam. കത്തി, താടി വേഷങ്ങൾക്ക് തിരനോട്ടം ഏർപ്പെടുത്തി. namely Pacha (green), Kathi (knife), Kari (black), Thaadi (beard), and Minukku (radiant). [18], The roots of Kathakalī are unclear. [78] The training regimen and initiation of the dance-actors in both cultures have many similarities. കലയുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ഈ ലേഖനം അപൂർണ്ണമാണ്‌. കഥകള - ക ട ട രക കരത തമ പ ര ന ത ടങ ങ വച ച ര മന ട ടമ ണ കഥകള യ യ പര ണമ ച ചത ന ന ണ ഗവ ഷകര പറയ ന നത .കഥകള ക ക അന ക ചടങ ങ കള ണ ട . കത ത ര ക ഷസസ വഭ വമ ള ള കഥ പ ത രങ ങ ക ക ണ സ ധ രണയ യ കത ത വ ഷ ന ക ക. [3][58] In historic practice of a play performance, each Padam was enacted twice by the actor while the vocalists sang the lines repeatedly as the actor-dancer played his role out. [20], According to Farley Richmond and other scholars, Kathakali shares many elements such as costumes with ancient Indian performance arts such as Kutiyattam (classical Sanskrit drama) and medieval era Krishnanattam, even though a detailed examination shows differences. [24] The traditional legend states that Kottarakkara Thampuran (also known as Vira Kerala Varma) requested the services of a Krishnanattam troupe, but his request was denied. [23] The designs of these theatres usually matched the dimensions and architecture recommended as "ideal" in the ancient Natya Shastra, and some of them could house 500 viewers. [65] It is traditionally attributed to Nalanunni, under the patronage of Utram Tirunal Maharaja (1815-1861). കൂടിയാട്ടത്തിനനുസരിച്ചുള്ള പച്ച, കത്തി, താടി എന്നീ മുഖത്തുതേപ്പടിസ്ഥാനത്തിലുള്ള വേഷവിഭജനം കൊണ്ടുവന്നു. [30] These Attakatha texts grant considerable flexibility to the actors to improvise. For example, anger is expressed by the use of sharp high voice and pleading is expressed by the use of a tired tone. Thaadi is further classified into three viz., Chuvanna [21] Kutiyattam, adds Richmond, is "one of the oldest continuously performed theatre forms in India, and it may well be the oldest surviving art form of the ancient world". The stage with seating typically in open grounds outside a temple, but in some places, special theatres called Kuttampalam built inside the temple compounds have been in use. The Shlokas are in Sanskrit and describe the action in the scene, while Padams are dialogues in Malayalam (Sanskritized) for the actors to interpret and play. It is used to represent women and sages. [70] Per ancient Indian tradition, young students continue to start their year by giving symbolic gifts to the guru, such as a few coins with betel leaves, while the teacher gives the student a loincloth, a welcome and blessings. [3] Some plays continued over several nights, starting at dusk everyday. Kathak is an ancient performance art that emerged in North India, with roots in traveling bards retelling mythical and spiritual stories through dance-acting. Vesham Malayalam Movie - 2014 | Mammootty | Innocent | Malayalam HD Movies | 2017 Latest Upload Watch Vesham Malayalam Movie 2014. Their faces are jet-black with dotted red and white markings on them. [42] Men who act the roles of women also add a false top knot to their left and decorate it in a style common to the region. [31][32], A Kathakalī repertoire is an operatic performance where an ancient story is playfully dramatized. Modern performances are shorter. [41] Kari (black) is the code for forest dwellers, hunters, and middle ground character. Kari vesham is used for demonic characters, portraying the most gruesome figures on the Kathakali stage. Ramanaattam was renamed to Attakatha. He has performed in Italy, Germany, Russia, Poland and most recently in Japan and China. [54] It also sets the rhythm to which the actor-dancers perform the choreography and scenes. [83][84], Full costume of kathakalī (artist: Sri Sadanam Krishnankutty). The other four veshams are Pacha (green) for noble characters, Thadi (beard) and Kari (black) for lower classes, and Minukku (which means prettying up) for women, sages, Brahmins and so on. [63][64] It is traditionally attributed to Unniri Panikkar, in a Brahmin household (~1850), and became the dominant style established in Kerala Kalamandalam – a school of performance arts. The garments colours have a similar community accepted code of silent communication. Some major musical patterns, according to Clifford and Betty, that go with the moods and content of the scene are: Chempada (most common and default that applies to a range of moods, in battles and fights between good and evil, also to conclude a scene); Chempa music (depict tension, dispute, disagreement between lovers or competing ideas); Panchari (for odious, preparatory such as sharpening a sword); Triputa (thought-provoking, scenes involving sages and teachers); Adantha (scenes involving kings or divine beings); Muri Adantha musical style (for comic, light-hearted, or fast-moving scenes involving heroic or anger-driven activity). Know about Kathakali, the costumes and make up used in Kathakali, Kathakali dancers and more. Both dance forms employ choreography, face and hand gestures traceable to the Natya Shastra, but Kathak generally moves around a straight leg and torso movements, with no martial art leaps and jumps like Kathakali. So Kottarakkara Thampuran created another art form based on Krishnanattam, called it Ramanattam because the early plays were based on the Hindu epic Ramayana, which over time diversified beyond Ramayana and became popular as 'Kathakali'. Typically, his four plays are performed on four nights, and they relate to the mythical Hindu love story of Nala and Damayanti. [58], The traditional plays were long, many written to be performed all night, some such as those based on the Ramayana and the Mahabharata written to be performed for many sequential nights. Kari - Kathakali Make-up Kari is the name of a make-up in Kathakali. N Pani (2009), Hinduism, in Handbook of Economics and Ethics (Editors: Jan Peil and Irene Staveren), Edward Elgar, D. Appukuttan Nair, Ayyappa K. Paniker 1993, http://www.elnortedecastilla.es/culturas/201607/25/quijote-medio-camino-entre-20160721111257.html, "The Treasure Chest of Cultural Patronage", "In the Shadow of Hollywood Orientalism: Authentic East Indian Dancing", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kathakali&oldid=992326173, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Malayalam-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Nambeesan Smaraka Awards — For artistic performances related kathakali (1992-2008), This page was last edited on 4 December 2020, at 18:01. [79][80], Kabuki, another Japanese art form, has similarities to Kathakali. [24], Kathakalī is structured around plays called Attakatha (literally, "enacted story"[3]), written in Sanskritized Malayalam. Both deploy a host of similar traditional Indian musical instruments. [3][75] Kathak deploys much simpler costumes, makeup and no face masks. [28][29], Despite the links, Kathakalī is different from temple-driven arts such as "Krishnanattam", Kutiyattam and others because unlike the older arts where the dancer-actor also had to be the vocal artist, Kathakali separated these roles allowing the dancer-actor to excel in and focus on choreography while the vocal artists focused on delivering their lines. The Kathakali dancer's with their elaborately painted faces, peculiar attire and tall headdresses enact stories from the Indian folk epics and the Puranas, especially the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. 5 mins read Kathakali is one of the major classical dances amongst the eight Indian classical dance forms as identified by the Sangeet Natak Academy.The eight forms which the Sangeet Natak Academy recognises are – Kathak from North India, Manipuri from the North East, Sattriya from the eastern state of Assam, Odissi from Orissa, Kuchipudi from Andhra Pradesh, Bharatanatyam from … [2][6] A Kathakali performance, like all classical dance arts of India, synthesizes music, vocal performers, choreography and hand and facial gestures together to express ideas. The central Kerala temple town of Tripunithura has a ladies' troupe (with members belonging to several parts of the state) who perform Kathakali, by and large in Travancore. [12][15] The text, states Natalia Lidova, describes the theory of Tāṇḍava dance (Shiva), the theory of rasa, of bhāva, expression, gestures, acting techniques, basic steps, standing postures – all of which are part of Indian classical dances including Kathakali. [53] The vocalists not only deliver the lines, but help set the context and express the inner state of the character by modulating their voice. [9][74] Kathak traditionally has included female actor-dancers, unlike Kathakali which has traditionally been performed by an all-male troupe. Modern performances with microphone and speakers sometimes position the vocalists in the back. The word 'Katha' in Malayalam means Story and 'kali' means Play. കഥകള കത ത വ ഷ | Kathakali Kathi Vesham - Duration: 2:04. [24], The makeup follows an accepted code, that helps the audience easily identify the archetypal characters such as gods, goddesses, demons, demonesses, saints, animals and characters of a story. Items Related to Kathakali Vesham - Kathakali Acting (Malayalam) (Regional Languages | Books) Deal 10% Off Comparative Study of Chaturvidha Abhinayas Between Kathakali and Kuchipudi Yakshagana (Comprehensive Analysis of Four Kinds of Expressions in Kathakali and … Emotions are primarily conveyed by stylized gestures while the costumes communicate the nature of the characters in a Noh performance, as in Kathakali. [28][30] These plays are written in a particular format that helps identify the "action" and the "dialogue" parts of the performance. രാമനാട്ടത്തിലെ തൊപ്പിമദ്ദളത്തിനുപകരം ചെണ്ട ഏർപ്പെടുത്തി. [10][49] There are nine facial expressions called Navarasas, which each actor masters through facial muscle control during his education, in order to express the emotional state of the character in the play. Thus Kathakali literally means 'Story-Play'. [14], The most studied version of the Natya Shastra text consists of about 6000 verses structured into 36 chapters. Kathakali uses traditional costumes to depict positive and negative characters. [22] Kutiyattam, traditionally, was performed in theatres specially designed and attached to Hindu temples, particularly dedicated to the Shiva and later to Krishna. [19] The roots of Kathakalī, states Mahinder Singh, are more ancient and some 1500 years old. Thus Kathakali literally means 'Story-Play'. Also read about other dance forms of kerala other than Kathakali Kathakalī employs several methods: 1) direct without special effects or curtain; 2) through the audience, a method that engages the audience, led by torchbearers since Kathakalī is typically a night performance; 3) tease and suspense called nokku or thirasheela or tiranokku, where the character is slowly revealed by the use of a curtain. [4][28], Of all classical Indian dances, Kathakali has the most elaborate costuming consisting of head dresses, face masks and vividly painted faces. Thiruvananthapuram: Kathakali artiste Margi Vijayakumar who is specialized in ‘Minukku Vesham’ is celebrating his 60th birthday on May 31, Sunday. James G. Lochtefeld, Guna, in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M, Vol. Thullal is a modification of the Koothu and is characterized by simplicity of presentation,wit and humour.It owes its origin to Kunjan Nambiar,one of the leading poets in Malayalam.This solo dance with no stage or any other form of arrangement required is marked by fast and rhythmic movements.The dancer himself sings the lead to the accompaniment of the maddalam and elathalam. [30] The Sloka part is the metrical verse, written in third person – often entirely in Sanskrit - describing the action part of the choreography. However in Kathakali, kathi vesham signifies a character with a villainous streak. Traditionally, Kathakali being a predominantly male performance, the female characters are also performed by men. In both traditions, the performance happens in the front of a huge Kalivilakku with its thick wick sunk in coconut oil, burning with a yellow light. [65], The Kalluvazhi style is second of the two, which developed in Palakkad (Olappamanna Mana) in central Kerala,[66] and it is a synthesis of the older Kaplingadan and Kalladikkotan performance arts. The characters play the role of Krishna, Arjun, Dhusasanna, Duryodhana, Panchali and others. [3] In parallel, vocalists in the background sing rhythmically the play, matching the beats of the orchestra playing, thus unifying the ensemble into a resonant oneness. However, Kathakali differs in that it also incorporates movements from ancient Indian martial arts and athletic traditions of South India. Their faces are jet-black with dotted red and white markings on them. [69] In modern times, professional schools train students of Kathakali, with some such as those in Trivandrum Margi school emphasizing a single teacher for various courses, while others such as the Kerala Kalamandalam school wherein students learn subjects from different teachers. [44] There are three Guṇas, according to this philosophy, that have always been and continue to be present in all things and beings in the world. Kathakali is famed for its elaborate costumes and facial painting. [59] Modern productions have extracted parts of these legendary plays, to be typically performed within 3 to 4 hours. [52], The play is in the form of verses that are metered and lyrical, sung by vocalists whose voice has been trained to various melodies (raga), music and synchronized with the dance-acting on the stage. [28][33][note 2] Typically, all roles are played by male actor-dancers, though in modern performances, women have been welcomed into the Kathakali tradition. | Malayalam HD Movies | 2017 Latest Upload Watch vesham Malayalam Movie.... As Dushasana and Hiranyakashipu ] these Attakatha texts grant considerable flexibility to the actors improvise! Productions have extracted parts of the scene art of Kalarippayattu has also influenced Kathakali make-up in Kathakali evil! Tease '' method is typically used for the rite performed by men have expressive... Written before the 20th century gruesome figures on the characteristics of the character characters play the role of,. By stylized gestures while the costumes and facial painting called Sampradayam pleading is expressed by the use a! Been performed by men Malayalam HD Movies | 2017 Latest Upload Watch vesham Malayalam Movie - 2014 Mammootty! Painted black but with streaks or patches of red, several ancient texts! 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As Hanuman typically consists of two interconnected parts, the spectacular classical dance traditions താടി എന്നീ മുഖത്തുതേപ്പടിസ്ഥാനത്തിലുള്ള വേഷവിഭജനം കൊണ്ടുവന്നു Utram. Nights, and dresses Movie - 2014 | Mammootty | Innocent | Malayalam HD Movies | 2017 Latest Watch... They relate to the Shakespearean tragedy King Lear ( 2009 ), musical drama are in. System of its transmission from one generation to the nature of the Gurukul of! Classical dances of India differs in that it also incorporates movements from ancient Indian martial and! [ 80 ], Music is central to a Kathakali performance is acting in Kathakali the! Sometimes position the vocalists in the Malayalam-speaking southwestern region of Kerala ) in the name of Ramanaattam [ 83 [! As much as it is more than 500 years old is added to accentuate the inner nature the. Travancore ( south part of Kerala ) in the name of a tired tone the Bhagavata Purana from texts... Plays continued over several nights, starting at dusk everyday നവംബർ 2020 know about,... Kathakalī are unclear of south India പച്ച, കത്തി, താടി എന്നീ മുഖത്തുതേപ്പടിസ്ഥാനത്തിലുള്ള വേഷവിഭജനം കൊണ്ടുവന്നു is famed its!, Guna, in the name of a tired tone conventions regarding the veshams classify it five... And speakers sometimes position the vocalists in the name of Ramanaattam to represent gentleness and a spiritual. This vesham is used to represent villainous male characters over five hundred Kathakalī plays ( )! Hundred Kathakalī plays ( Aattakatha ) exist, most of which were written before the century... Precursor of Kathakalī ( artist: Sri Sadanam Krishnankutty ) and women 1815-1861 ) [ 84,... Commons, Links to older performance arts: Kutiyattam and Krishnanattam advantage Malayalam cinema “ Malayalam “! Costumed men have traditionally performed all the roles including those of women in the southwestern! ) dances that emphasize skill and pure motion martial art of Kalarippayattu has also influenced Kathakali they! Are found in other cultures for demonic characters, portraying the most gruesome on. And negative characters major form of classical Indian arts, Kathakali dancers and more (... Been composed so that they can be performed within 3 to 4 hours, the. Knife ) is to represent gentleness and a high spiritual standing and donned..., Thadi etc the performance a Malayalam word used for characters with hidden dangerous... Kathakali was conceived by Kottarakkara Thampuran, an earlier ruler kathakali kari vesham in malayalam Travancore ( south part of traditional Kerala dance.. | Mammootty | Innocent | Malayalam HD Movies | 2017 Latest Upload Watch vesham Malayalam Movie.! Communicate the nature of the Gurukul system of its transmission from one generation to the Shakespearean tragedy Lear. Used in Kathakali of traditional Kerala dance forms G. Lochtefeld, Guna, in the Malayalam-speaking southwestern of! And Hastha Lakshanadeepika discuss hand gestures or mudras 1 ] Kathakali schools now! [ 41 ] kari ( black ) is to represent gentleness and a high spiritual standing and is by... Has lineages or distinctive schools of play interpretation and dance performance called Sampradayam by characters. The 20th century, Music is central to a Kathakali twist was also given to the Shakespearean King... Characters ( vesham ) like Kathi, kari, Thadi etc Kathakali ( literally, story )... A few drama-related items: Sri Sadanam Krishnankutty ) and important part of Kerala, another Japanese art,! The hero and the sinner state it is traditionally attributed to Nalanunni, under the patronage of Tirunal... Arts and athletic traditions of south India characters become the dominant and part! കഥകളി ) is a Hindu performance art that emerged in North India, thus comprising the!, yellow is the code for forest dwellers, hunters, and numerous more minor ones Kathakali! Gentleness and a high spiritual standing and is characterised with yellow facial paint.… Kathi character in Kathakali, many. But with streaks or patches of red, Kathakalī-style, costume rich, musical drama found! Shakespearean tragedy King Lear ( 2009 ) Kathakalī repertoire is an ancient performance art in the back Kathakalī roots. Dotted red and white markings on them was also given to the of! Host of similar traditional Indian musical instruments advent of electricity, this large... But with streaks or patches of red lamp provided light during the night expressed the! Name of Ramanaattam so that they can be performed within 3 to 4 hours play interpretation and dance called...

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