duchy of burgundy

Coins from the Duchy of Burgundy. Gallery. Through a succession of financial dealings and armed conflicts the areas of Namur, Hainaut, Brabent and Holland were added to the duchy. The most powerful of these principalities was the duchy of Burgundy located between France and the German Empire. Upon the 9th-century partitions, the French remnants of the Burgundian kingdom were reduced to a ducal rank by King Robert II of France in 1004. Learn about current events in   historical perspective on our Origins site. They declared that the duchy intended to remain a duchy, that it had no intention of becoming a province of the royal domain, that there would be no administrative changes, and that it was joined to France by virtue of one man's rights and would never be absorbed into it. The Duchy of Burgundy (Ducatus Burgundiae; Duché de Bourgogne) emerged in the 9th century as one of the successors of the ancient Kingdom of the Burgundians, which after its conquest in 532 had formed a constituent part of the Frankish Empire. To the jurists of the duchy, these facts presented something of a difficult legal problem, for the two claims stood more or less equally in terms of justification: Charles II, as the great-grandson of Robert II by his elder daughter, had a superior claim to John II in terms of primogeniture; John II, as the grandson of Robert II by his younger daughter, had a superior claim to Charles II in terms of proximity of blood. The Duchy of Burgundy (French: Duché d'Bourgogne; Scottish Gaelic: Diùcachd na Burgundy), also recognized as Burgundy is a state located in Central Europe, nominally a vassal of the Kingdom of France.In 1432 the personal union between the Kingdom of Scotland, the Duchy of Burgundy, the Duchy of Auvergne and the County of Boulogne begins and a new prosperous era emerges for our realm. This is the Duchy of Burgundy, extinct circa 1477 in our timeline. Upon the extinction of the Burgundian male line with the death of Duke Philip I in 1361, the duchy reverted to King John II of France and the royal House of Valois. With the old duke's death, the duchy and its associated territories were governed by the young duke's mother, Joan I, Countess of Auvergne and Boulogne, and by her second husband, King John the Good of France. It was bounded by the Rhine, Lake Constance, the Lech River and the Duchy of Franconia. The situation for the Duchy of Burgundy, however, was not so simple. Henry the Venerable died in 1002 leaving two potential heirs: his nephew, Robert the Pious, King of France, and his stepson, Otto-William, Count of Burgundy, a vassal of the Holy Roman Emperor, whom Henry had adopted and named his heir some time before. In the duchy, as in much of Europe at this time, two principles of inheritance were held valid: that of primogeniture and that of proximity of blood. The duchy was comparable with England in size, but far more fractured, consisting of tw… The Duchy of Burgundy was one of the fiefs of the French Crown. The duchy of Burgundy reverts to the French throne through the efforts of Louis XI of France. As Duke of Burgundy, he was able to wield an increasing amount of power over his territory. The counties of Auvergne and Boulogne – inherited by Philip upon his mother's death a year earlier – passed to the next heir, Jean de Boulogne, the brother of Philip's grandfather William XII of Auvergne. Philip the Bold had been a cautious man in politics. Between the reign of Richard the Justiciar and Henry the Venerable, the duchy had fallen into anarchy, a condition heightened by the war of succession between Robert the Pious and Count Otto-William. The Duchy of Burgundy was a successor of the earlier Kingdom of the Burgundians, which evolved out of territories ruled by the Burgundians, an East Germanic tribe that arrived in Gaul in the 5th century. When Charles Martel drove the invaders out, he divided Burgundy into four commands: Arles-Burgundy, Vienne-Burgundy, Alamanic Burgundy and Frankish Burgundy. Margaret of Burgundy, the elder daughter, and the wife of Louis X of France, had died in 1315, leaving only a daughter, Joan II of Navarre. Robert II's son and heir, King Henry I of France, inherited the duchy but ceded it to his younger brother Robert in 1032. Upon the 9th-century partitions, the French remnants of the Burgundian kingdom were reduced to a ducal rank by King Robert II of France in 1004. The Duchy of Burgundy ended with the death of Charles the Bold in 1477. As such, it has not been reviewed for accuracy by the University and does not necessarily adhere to the University's scholarly standards. In the face of a non-violent but firm refusal by the Burgundians to allow the independence of their duchy to be threatened, the king quietly scrapped the letters patent, and instead turned to other means. On 28 December 1361 he received the homage of the Burgundian nobility before he returned to France, leaving the Count of Tancarville as his deputy, but the Burgundian estates had, in their meeting around the time of the homage-swearing of 28 December, firmly given several pronouncements. During much of this time, the Hundred Years War between England and France was weakening the authority of the French monarchy. Even before Philip's death, France and Burgundy had begun considering the knotty problem of the succession. The Duchy of Burgundy (1032–1477) was heir to an ancient and prestigious patrimony and a large division of the lands of the Second Kingdom of Burgundy.In its own right, it was one of the larger ducal territories that existed at the time of the emergence of Early Modern Europe from Medieval Europe.. Robert found that it was largely a theoretical power that he had been granted. When the Frankish kingdom in the west was divided along the boundary of the Saône and Meuse (dividing geographical Burgundy in the process), Guerin was rewarded for his services by the king by being granted the administration of the counties of Chalon and Nevers, in which he was by custom expected to appoint viscounts to rule as his deputies. Philip had distinguished himself in 1356 at the Battle of Poitiers, when at the age of fourteen he bravely fought alongside his father to the bitter end. Under Rudolph of France (also Raoul or Ralph), the son of Richard, Burgundy was briefly catapulted to a position of prominence in France, since he became King of France in 923 after acceding to the Burgundian territories in 921. Furthermore, John II had the support of John of Boulogne and Margaret of France. The Duchy of Burgundy (/ˈbɜːrɡəndi/; Latin: Ducatus Burgundiae; French: Duché de Bourgogne, Dutch: Hertogdom Bourgondië) emerged in the 9th century as one of the successors of the ancient Kingdom of the Burgundians, which after its conquest in 532 had formed a constituent part of the Frankish Empire. As a result, a definitive break in the duchy's history would have occurred. What is left of that once-great duchy?. The latter proved of no avail. When King Henry I of France, acceding in difficult circumstances (1031), found it necessary to secure the loyalty of Robert, his brother, he further enhanced the rights given to his brother (1032). In this, it would be seen, the dukes were well-suited to the task: none were remarkable or outstanding men who swept all opposition away before them; rather, they were persevering, methodical, realistic, able and willing to seize any opportunity presented to them. John, however, failed to grasp the realities of the political situation within the duchy. The counties of Burgundy and Artois passed to the sister of Philip's grandmother Countess Joan, Margaret of France, herself the grandmother of Philip's young bride Margaret of Dampierre. › Burgundy, Duchy of. The realities of power combined with Capetian family feuding: Robert the Pious gave the territory to his younger son and namesake, Robert. The former was a staunch ally of the king, an alliance strengthened by the marriage between the king and Joan of Boulogne, John of Boulogne's niece. The Free County of Burgundy and Flanders pass to Austria, along with the county of Holland, creating a very different feel for the Low Countries. As such, it was a major political player in European politics. Upon the death in that year of Philip de Rouvre, the last Capetian duke, the duchy passed to JOHN II, who granted it to his youngest son, PHILIP THE BOLD, in 1363. The '''Duchy of Burgundy''' ( In Latin: Ducatus Burgundiae., In French: Duché de Bourgogne., In Dutch: Hertogdom Bourgondië. ) In practice, though, the duke his grandfather had continued to rule over these counties as he had done since his marriage to Countess Joan, Philip of Rouvres being only a baby. Robert became the ancestor of the ducal House of Burgundy, a cadet branch of the royal Capet dynasty, ruling over a territory that roughly conformed to the borders and territories of the modern region of Burgundy (Bourgogne). Faction Name. But in the 14th and 15th centuries, the term also designated a much larger political unit, including the original duchy but also incorporating most of … Robert firmly ended this practice, stating in his will that he left to his eldest son and heir, Hugh, and after Hugh to his heir, "all the fiefs, former fiefs, seigneuries and revenue... belonging to the duchy". Robert gladly agreed to this arrangement, and the era of the Capetian dukes began. Had the two Burgundys been united, history would undoubtedly have taken a different course; a Burgundy united under the German Otto-William would have been within the sphere of influence of the Holy Roman Empire and would have affected the balance of power between the French and the Germans. They failed; eventually, when they appeared close to success, they were forced to scrap the scheme and instead maintain Burgundy as a separate duchy. Add a photo to this gallery. Upon further acquisitions of the County of Burgundy, Holland and Luxemburg, the House of Valois-Burgundy came into possession of numerous French and imperial fiefs stretching from the western Alps to the North Sea, in some ways reminiscent of the Middle Frankish realm of Lotharingia. The duchy of Burgundy was that part of the regnum Burgundiae west of the Saône River; it was recovered from Boso by the French Carolingians and remained a part of the kingdom of France. The Burgundian duchy was absorbed in a larger territorial complex after 1363, when King John II ceded the duchy to his younger son Philip. [2] It was recreated, however, on several occasions when Frankish territories were redivided between the sons on the death of a Frankish king. You may use an asterisk as a wildcard. With the 1493 Treaty of Senlis, Maximilian would regain the County of Burgundy, Artois and Charolais, but the Duchy of Burgundy and Picardy were lost definitively to France. Joan of Burgundy, the younger daughter, and the wife of Philip VI of France, had died in 1348, leaving two sons, John II of France and Philip of Orléans. Under Richard, these territories were given law and order, protected from the Normans, and served as a haven for persecuted monks. For a time, the duchy formed part of the royal domain; but the French crown could not hope at this time to administer such a volatile territory. Most of the time, you would want to start a war with England or France first, it is advisable t… The Duchy of Burgundy was a semi-independent duchy that ruled over eastern France and much of the Low Countries from 1032 to 1477, nominally a vassal state of the Kingdom of France.The duchy was given to the House of Burgundy by Robert II of France after he ended the Kingdom of Burgundy, and the duchy would exist as a vassal of France for over 400 years. [citation needed]. In this timeline, Burgundy remains independent and is aided by the Holy Roman Empire in their struggle to keep the French from annexing them. Strictly speaking, the duchy of Burgundy was a large fief held in feudal tenure from the king of France and located in east-central France. First Otto and then Henry the Venerable maintained the duchy's independence, but the death of the latter without children proved a defining moment in the history of the duchy. When Margaret's father died in 1384, Philip inherited the rich Low Countries and integrated them into Burgundy creating a Continental powerhouse. In 1363, King John II of France granted his son Philip the Bold the duchy of Burgundy; this transaction marked the beginning of Burgundy's zenith of power. He had already been Count of Burgundy and Artois since the death of his grandmother, the Countess Joan of Burgundy and Artois, in 1347. The Duchy of Burgundy. Under the Valois Dukes of Burgundy, the duchy flourished. Otto-William disputed his claim and sent soldiers into the duchy, starting a war. Under Hugh the Black (d. 952) came the beginning of what would be a long and troubled saga for Burgundy. Thanks in advance for any input. Other portions had passed to the Imperial Kingdom of Arles and the County of Burgundy (Franche-Comté). In 1525, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor – Mary's grandson – was restored to the title and territory by the French King Francis I as part of the Treaty of Madrid. bel_sub_cult_roman: Military Group. With this triple compact between the three heirs, Charles II was shut out: the support of a co-heir carried weight in deciding inheritance, and John II had the support of both, while Charles II had the support of neither. To the collective body of his territory there came to be applied the term "ducatus" (the territories ruled by a duke). Robert was to be Duke of Burgundy; as ruler of the duchy, he would "enjoy the freehold thereof", and have the right "to pass it on to his heirs". The Burgundians settled in the area around Dijon, Chalon-sur-Saône, Mâcon, Autun and Châtillon-sur-Seine, and gave the name to the region. The term that came to be applied to the collective body of a duke's territory was ducatus. France retained most of its Burgundian fiefdoms except for the affluent County of Flanders, which passed to Maximilian (but soon rebelled against the archduke). The claim, however, that upon his inheritance of the duchy it was merged with the crown is more difficult to refute: for while this in itself certainly was not the case, he immediately attempted to merge the duchy into the crown by means of letters patent. You may use an asterisk as a wildcard. At the dawn of the 1400s, the Duchy of Burgundy was ruled by Duke Philip II, given the duchy by he relative the king of France. Map of the Duchy of Burgundy by Abraham Ortelius.jpeg 3,033 × 2,360; 2.17 MB Ortelius - Burgundy 1588.jpeg 3,469 × 2,456; 2.18 MB Provinces of France.png 894 × 899; 39 KB By the time of Richard the Justiciar (d. 921), the Duchy of Burgundy was beginning to emerge. However, it was not to be; although it took him thirteen years of bitter and prolonged battle, Robert eventually secured the duchy for the French crown by gaining control of all the Burgundian counties west of the Saône, including Dijon; prospects of a united Burgundy evaporated, and the duchy became irreversibly French in outlook. Previous attempts to gain territory through marriage – Hugh III and the Dauphiné, Odo III and Nivernais, Hugh IV and the Bourbonnais – had failed; Odo IV's wife Joan, however, was sovereign Countess of Burgundy and Artois, and the marriage reunited the Burgundys again. Then, he was defeated and became a province. Hugh V died in 1315; his brother Odo IV succeeded. To expand into England,Austria and/or France, player should rival your rivals first and then decide your ally through that. Founded in 1363, the Duchy of Burgundy swiftly grew into a significant power block between France and the German territories of the Holy Roman Empire. As Duke of Burgundy, he was able to wield an increasing amount of power over his territory. But there was more in play than a simple legal issue: the Hundred Years' War was in full flow, and the King of Navarre, as an ally of England and an enemy of France, was distasteful to the Burgundians, who in meetings of the Estates during John II's English captivity had been consistently loyal to John and his son the Dauphin, and opposed to the King of Navarre. Remember! Eventually, King Louis XI of France and Archduke Maximilian I signed the Treaty of Arras (1482). › Burgundy, Duchy of. Were it simply a legal issue, the King of Navarre would certainly have had as good a chance of inheritance as the King of France, and perhaps better: proximity of blood was beginning to lose force in Europe, and, as events would subsequently prove, Burgundy had no intention of being absorbed into the French royal domain. ROSTER EXTENSION/REVAMP. Philip became ill with the plague, a disease that all but inevitably promised a swift and agonising death. Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Burgundy&oldid=992462988, States and territories disestablished in 1477, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from October 2015, All articles needing additional references, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Europe articles missing geocoordinate data, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 5 December 2020, at 11:40. Oct 22, 2015 - So much has been written about Burgundy's role in Medieval history. In 2016 the Burgundy région was joined with the région of Franche-Comté to form the new administrative entity of … By 1361, aged 17, he appeared to be on track to continue the duchy's steady rise to greatness. Until 1361, the duchy of Burgundy was ruled by a cadet branch of the House of CAPET. However, southern Burgundy was pillaged by the Saracen invasion of the 8th century. Flag. Two brothers of Hugh Capet, the first Capetian King of France, took up the rule of Burgundy as duke. (Twcenter.net) Thanks to the MK1212 mod team and the people on discord for the constant feedback and help. V • E. Actually Germany First Reich "Holy" "Roman" "Empire" So Far Our Longest Template! Comprising the provinces that make up the South of France, with the exception of the independent Aquitaine, Lord Guy de Cheval of House Gwydion rules his realm with strictness and an attention to detail. The last two dukes to directly rule the duchy, Philip the Good (r. 1419–1467) and Charles the Bold (r. 1467–1477), attempted to secure the independence of their state from the French crown. It is not uncommon to read that, upon the death of Philip of Rouvres, "the Duchy of Burgundy, lying within France, therefore escheated to the French crown." Included in the ducatus of Richard were the regions of A… Finally, in the final months of John the Good's reign, Philip the Bold was established as Duke of Burgundy. The current king of Spain, Felipe, claims the title "Duke of Burgundy", and his predecessor's coat of arms included the cross of Burgundy as a supporter. The towns prospered: Dijon became an important market town. The extinction of the dynasty led to the absorption of the duchy itself into the French crown lands by King Louis XI, while the bulk of the Burgundian possessions in the Low Countries passed to the Habsburg archduke, Maximilian I of Austria, son of Emperor Frederick III, through his marriage with Charles' daughter, Mary. The legal implications of the accession of John the Good are frequently misunderstood. The cross of Burgundy was the flag of the Spanish Empire at its height. As the daughter of a former King of France and one of the last living members of the senior branch of the House of Capet, the latter was staunchly French in her sympathies; besides which, Charles II had offended her by laying claim to lands in Champagne that had formed part of her sister Joan of France's dowry in marrying Odo IV and which were deemed now to pass to Joan's sister. They purchased both land and vassalage, which built up both the ducal demesne and the number of vassals dependent upon the dukes. In 1435 he switched allegiances back to Charles VII of France. Both the duchy of Burgundy and Cisjurane Burgundy (the county of Burgundy) flourished during this period. The Burgundians refused to countenance the terms of the letters patent. The Duchy of Burgundy was divided between Hugh the Great and Hugh the Black. Under the Carolingians, Burgundian separatism lessened and Burgundy became a purely geographical term, referring only to the area of the counties of the former Burgundy. With sea access allowed through Flanders, inherited through marriage in 1384, a new interest in naval affairs came to be. Richer promises were made to the young duke. His son, John the Fearless (r. 1404–1419), however, was not, and under him Burgundy and Orléans clashed as the two sides squabbled for power. The duchy of Burgundy on the west bank of the Saône, however, is granted to another son, Robert I of Burgundy, founder of the House of Burgundy. 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